WHICH ONE?

What Is A Kei Truck and which one should I buy?

A COMPLETE BUYERS GUIDE - KEI / MINI TRUCK DIFFERENCES 

A Kei Truck

A Kei truck is a compact, right-hand-drive vehicle with standard rear-wheel drive and available four-wheel drive. This category of vehicles appeared in Japan in 1949. Each car has a number of features. These vehicles must meet established standards and regulations, which have been revised several times. In particular, according to the restrictions established on October 1, 1998, Kei cars must meet the following requirements:

• The category includes passenger cars, pickup trucks, and vans. They are economical and maneuverable. In Japan, there is a ban on selling new vehicles outside the country. Therefore, only used autos of local brands find their way to the foreign market, where manufacturers tend to copy and improve the main features and launch their own products. 

Here's a table listing some popular Japanese mini trucks (Kei trucks) from various manufacturers along with their specifications:

Notes:

• Make and Model: Identifies the manufacturer and specific model of the mini truck.
• Years: The production years covered in the table.
• Engine Displacement: The size of the engine in cubic centimeters (cc).
• Power: The engine's power output in horsepower (hp).
• Torque: The engine's torque in Newton-meters (Nm).
• Transmission: The types of transmissions available, including manual and automatic options.
• Drive Type: Indicates whether the vehicle is rear-wheel drive (RWD) or four-wheel drive (4WD).
• Fuel Type: The type of fuel used by the vehicle (all listed as petrol).
• MPG: The estimated miles per gallon (fuel economy).
• Dimensions: Length, width, and height of the vehicle in millimeters (mm).
• Wheelbase: The distance between the front and rear axles.
• Curb Weight: The weight of the vehicle without passengers or cargo.

This table provides a concise comparison of key specifications for popular Japanese mini trucks from the 1990s.

What is a Kei Truck?

A Kei truck, also known as a Kei class truck, is a small, lightweight, and economical vehicle that falls under the Kei car (軽自動車, keijidōsha) category in Japan. Kei trucks are specifically designed to comply with Japanese government regulations that limit dimensions, engine displacement, and power output, making them an efficient and cost-effective solution for transportation and light-duty tasks. These vehicles are popular in urban areas for their compact size and maneuverability, and in rural areas for their practicality and utility.

Key Characteristics of Kei Trucks:

1. Compact Size:

   • Kei trucks are typically very small, with a maximum length of 3.4 meters, width of 1.48 meters, and height of 2.0 meters. This allows them to navigate narrow streets and tight spaces with ease.

2. Engine Specifications:

   • The engine displacement is limited to 660cc, with a maximum output of 64 horsepower. These constraints ensure that the vehicles remain fuel-efficient and environmentally friendly.

3. Economical:

   • Due to their small engine size and lightweight construction, Kei trucks are very economical in terms of fuel consumption and maintenance costs.

4. Versatile Utility:

   • Kei trucks are highly versatile, often used for a variety of purposes including agriculture, construction, delivery services, and small business operations. They are typically equipped with a flatbed or a small cargo area, making them suitable for carrying goods.

History of Kei Trucks:

Early Development and Post-War Era:

1. 1950s - Birth of the Kei Car Concept:

   • The concept of Kei cars was introduced in the late 1940s and early 1950s as part of Japan's efforts to promote motorization and economic recovery after World War II. The government provided tax incentives and subsidies to encourage the production and purchase of these small, affordable vehicles.

2. 1960s - Introduction of Kei Trucks:

   • The first Kei trucks appeared in the early 1960s. They were designed to meet the growing demand for small, efficient commercial vehicles. Manufacturers like Suzuki, Daihatsu, and Subaru began producing these compact trucks, which quickly gained popularity due to their practicality and low operating costs.

Growth and Evolution:

3. 1970s - Expansion and Refinement:

   • During the 1970s, Kei trucks saw significant improvements in design and functionality. The introduction of four-wheel-drive (4WD) models expanded their usability in rural and mountainous areas. Enhanced safety features and better engines also contributed to their growing popularity.

4. 1980s and 1990s - Technological Advancements:

   • The 1980s and 1990s brought further advancements in technology and design. Fuel injection systems, improved suspension, and more comfortable cabins made Kei trucks more appealing to a broader audience. Manufacturers also started exporting these vehicles to other countries, where they were appreciated for their efficiency and versatility.

Modern Era:

5. 2000s - Environmental Focus:

   • In the 2000s, the focus shifted towards environmental sustainability. Kei trucks were equipped with more fuel-efficient engines and better emission control systems to meet stricter environmental regulations. This period also saw the introduction of hybrid and electric Kei trucks.

6. 2010s and Beyond - Continued Innovation:

   • Kei trucks have continued to evolve with advancements in safety, comfort, and technology. Modern Kei trucks often feature amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, and advanced safety systems, making them suitable for both commercial and personal use.

Conclusion:

Kei trucks have a rich history and have played a crucial role in Japan's automotive industry. Their compact size, fuel efficiency, and versatility make them an ideal choice for a wide range of applications. Over the decades, Kei trucks have adapted to meet changing demands and regulations, ensuring their continued relevance and popularity in both domestic and international markets.

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  Brief History of the Daihatsu Hijet

  The Daihatsu Hijet is one of Japan's most iconic Kei trucks and microvans, renowned for its compact size, practicality, and reliability. First introduced in the early 1960s, the Hijet has evolved through numerous generations, consistently adapting to meet the needs of both commercial and personal users.

  Key Milestones:

  1. 1960 - Initial Release:

     • The first-generation Daihatsu Hijet was launched in 1960. Initially, it was a three-wheeled vehicle with a modest 360cc engine, designed to comply with Japan's Kei car regulations. Its small size and efficient design made it an instant hit for urban deliveries and small businesses.

  2. 1964 - Shift to Four Wheels:

     • In 1964, the Hijet transitioned to a four-wheeled design, offering better stability and load capacity. This move marked the beginning of the Hijet's popularity as a versatile and reliable workhorse.

  3. 1971 - Introduction of the Cab-Over Design:

     • The third generation, introduced in 1971, featured a cab-over design, which maximized cargo space by positioning the cabin above the engine. This layout became a standard for subsequent models, enhancing the Hijet's utility.

  4. 1981 - Fourth Generation:

     • The fourth generation brought significant improvements, including a larger engine and enhanced safety features. This period saw the introduction of various body styles, such as the van and truck variants, catering to a broader range of customers.

  5. 1990s - Expansion and Technological Advancements:

     • During the 1990s, the Hijet continued to evolve with the addition of more powerful engines, 4WD options, and modern amenities. The focus was on increasing comfort and performance while maintaining the vehicle's compact dimensions.

  6. 2000s - Collaboration with Toyota:

     • In the 2000s, Daihatsu entered into a partnership with Toyota, leading to further innovations and improvements in quality. The Hijet continued to be a popular choice for both urban and rural users, offering a reliable and economical solution for transportation needs.

  7. 2010s - Modernization and Environmental Focus:

     • The recent generations of the Hijet have focused on environmental sustainability, incorporating fuel-efficient engines and meeting stringent emission standards. Advanced features such as air conditioning, power steering, and enhanced safety systems have also been added.

  The Daihatsu Hijet remains a staple in the Kei truck and microvan market, celebrated for its adaptability, efficiency, and reliability. Its ability to meet the evolving demands of users while staying true to its roots as a practical and economical vehicle has ensured its enduring popularity in Japan and beyond.

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  Daihatsu Hijet Truck Specifications

  General Information:

  • Make: Daihatsu
  • Model: Hijet Truck
  • Year: 1990-1999
  • Body Style: Mini Truck (Kei Truck)
  • Seating Capacity: 2
  • Doors: 2
  • Drive Type: Rear-Wheel Drive (RWD) or Four-Wheel Drive (4WD)
  • Chassis Code: S110P (common code for this model)

  Dimensions:

  • Length: 3,295 mm (129.7 inches)
  • Width: 1,395 mm (54.9 inches)
  • Height: 1,715 mm (67.5 inches)
  • Wheelbase: 1,810 mm (71.3 inches)
  • Ground Clearance: 160 mm (6.3 inches)
  • Curb Weight: Approximately 700-800 kg (1,543-1,764 lbs)

  Engine:

  • Engine Type: Inline-3 or Inline-4
  • Displacement: 659 cc (0.66L)
  • Fuel Type: Petrol
  • Engine Code: EF-ES (common engine code)
  • Power Output: Approximately 44 hp @ 5,700 rpm
  • Torque: Approximately 57 Nm @ 4,000 rpm
  • Fuel System: Carburetor or EFI (Electronic Fuel Injection)
  • Transmission: 4-speed manual or 5-speed manual, 3-speed automatic

  Performance:

  • Top Speed: Around 105 km/h (65 mph)
  • Fuel Consumption: Approximately 40-45 mpg (estimated)

  Suspension:

  • Front Suspension: Independent, MacPherson strut
  • Rear Suspension: Leaf springs with rigid axle

  Brakes:

  • Front Brakes: Disc
  • Rear Brakes: Drum

  Tires:

  • Tire Size: 145R12-6PR

  Features:

  • Interior:
    • Basic cloth or vinyl upholstery
    • Manual windows and locks
    • Basic radio or optional cassette player
  • Exterior:
    • Simple, durable exterior design
    • Small cargo bed with fold-down sides
    • Steel wheels
  • Safety:
    • Minimal safety features due to the vehicle's age (basic seat belts, no airbags)

  Cargo and Towing:

  • Cargo Capacity: Approximately 350-500 kg (depending on configuration and load distribution)
  • Bed Dimensions: Approximately 1,945 mm (length) x 1,415 mm (width) x 280 mm (height)
  • Turning Radius: Approximately 3.7 meters (12.1 feet)
  • Fuel Tank Capacity: Approximately 40 liters (10.6 gallons)

  Overview:

  The 1997 Daihatsu Hijet Truck is a compact, reliable, and versatile mini truck designed primarily for light-duty transport and utility work. Its small size makes it highly maneuverable, especially in urban and confined areas. With excellent fuel economy and a robust design, it is a popular choice for businesses and individuals needing an efficient and practical work vehicle. The Hijet Truck's ability to handle various tasks, from light cargo transport to agricultural work, has made it a staple in many regions where Kei trucks are popular.

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1990-1999 Honda Acty Specifications

General Information:

• Make: Honda
• Model: Acty
• Years: 1990-1999
• Body Styles: Mini Truck (Kei Truck), Van (Kei Van)
• Seating Capacity: 2 (Truck) / 4 (Van)
• Doors: 2 (Truck) / 5 (Van)
• Drive Type: Rear-Wheel Drive (RWD) or Four-Wheel Drive (4WD)

Dimensions:

• Length: 3,295 mm (129.7 inches)
• Width: 1,395 mm (54.9 inches)
• Height: 1,740 mm (68.5 inches) - Truck / 1,875 mm (73.8 inches) - Van
• Wheelbase: 1,900 mm (74.8 inches)
• Ground Clearance: Approximately 160-190 mm (6.3-7.5 inches)
• Curb Weight: Approximately 700-900 kg (1,543-1,984 lbs)

Engine:

• Engine Type: Inline-3
• Displacement: 656 cc (0.66L)
• Fuel Type: Petrol
• Engine Codes: E07A (common engine code)
• Power Output: Approximately 38-45 hp @ 5,500-6,000 rpm
• Torque: Approximately 54-57 Nm @ 4,500 rpm
• Fuel System: Carburetor or EFI (Electronic Fuel Injection)
• Transmission: 4-speed manual, 5-speed manual, 3-speed automatic

Performance:

• Top Speed: Around 105-115 km/h (65-71 mph)
• Fuel Consumption: Approximately 35-45 mpg (estimated)

Suspension:

• Front Suspension: Independent, MacPherson strut
• Rear Suspension: Leaf springs with rigid axle

Brakes:

• Front Brakes: Disc
• Rear Brakes: Drum

Tires:

• Tire Size: 145/80R12 (Truck) / 155/80R12 (Van)

Features:

• Interior:
  • Basic cloth or vinyl upholstery
  • Manual windows and locks
  • Basic radio or optional cassette player
• Exterior:
  • Simple, durable exterior design
  • Small cargo bed with fold-down sides (Truck)
  • Sliding side doors and rear hatch (Van)
  • Steel wheels
• Safety:
  • Minimal safety features due to the vehicle's age (basic seat belts, no airbags)

Cargo and Towing:

• Cargo Capacity (Truck): Approximately 350-500 kg
• Bed Dimensions (Truck): Approximately 1,940 mm (length) x 1,410 mm (width) x 285 mm (height)
• Turning Radius: Approximately 3.8 meters (12.5 feet)
• Fuel Tank Capacity: Approximately 35-40 liters (9.2-10.6 gallons)

Overview:

The Honda Acty is a practical, reliable, and versatile mini vehicle designed primarily for light-duty transport and utility work. Its compact size makes it highly maneuverable, especially in urban and confined areas. With excellent fuel economy and a robust design, it is a popular choice for businesses and individuals needing an efficient and practical work vehicle. The Acty’s ability to handle various tasks, from light cargo transport to passenger transport in the van variant, has made it a staple in many regions where Kei trucks and vans are popular.

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Suzuki Carry / Mazda Autozam Scrum Specifications

Detailed Breakdown:

• Engine Displacement: Both models are equipped with a 657 cc engine, which is standard for Kei trucks to comply with Japanese Kei car regulations.

• Power and Torque: The power output ranges from 42 to 45 horsepower, and the torque ranges from 56 to 60 Newton-meters. This makes these trucks suitable for light-duty tasks and urban driving.

• Transmission Options: Both the Suzuki Carry and the Mazda Autozam Scrum offer a choice between a 4 or 5-speed manual transmission and a 3-speed automatic transmission. This provides flexibility depending on driver preference and intended use.

• Drive Type: These models are available in both rear-wheel drive (RWD) and four-wheel drive (4WD) configurations, catering to different driving conditions and requirements.

• Fuel Type and Efficiency: These trucks run on petrol and have an estimated fuel efficiency of 35 to 45 miles per gallon, making them economical for daily use.

• Dimensions:

  • Length: 3,295 mm
  • Width: 1,395 mm
  • Height: 1,735 mm
  • These dimensions make the trucks compact and maneuverable, ideal for tight urban spaces.

• Wheelbase: With a wheelbase of 1,980 mm, these trucks offer stability while maintaining their compact nature.

• Curb Weight: The curb weight ranges from 700 to 900 kg, which contributes to their efficiency and ease of handling.

These specifications highlight the versatility and practicality of the Suzuki Carry and Mazda Autozam Scrum, making them popular choices for both personal and light commercial use.

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Mitsubishi Minicab Specifications

Detailed Breakdown:

• Engine Displacement: The Mitsubishi Minicab features a 657 cc engine, which is standard for Kei trucks to meet Japanese Kei car regulations.

• Power and Torque: The power output ranges from 38 to 48 horsepower, and the torque ranges from 50 to 61 Newton-meters. This allows for adequate performance for light-duty tasks and city driving.

• Transmission Options: The Minicab offers a choice between a 4 or 5-speed manual transmission and a 3-speed automatic transmission, catering to different driver preferences and needs.

• Drive Type: The Minicab is available in both rear-wheel drive (RWD) and four-wheel drive (4WD) configurations, making it suitable for a variety of driving conditions.

• Fuel Type and Efficiency: Running on petrol, the Minicab has an estimated fuel efficiency of 30 to 40 miles per gallon, making it economical for daily use.

• Dimensions:

  • Length: 3,295 mm
  • Width: 1,395 mm
  • Height: 1,715 mm
  • These compact dimensions make the Minicab easy to maneuver in tight urban spaces.

• Wheelbase: With a wheelbase of 1,960 mm, the Minicab offers stability while maintaining its compact nature.

• Curb Weight: The curb weight ranges from 700 to 850 kg, which helps with fuel efficiency and handling.

These specifications highlight the Mitsubishi Minicab's practicality and versatility, making it a popular choice for both personal and light commercial use.

Brief History of the Subaru Sambar

The Subaru Sambar, first introduced in 1961, is one of the longest-running Kei trucks in Japan, known for its compact size, versatility, and reliability. Initially developed by Subaru to meet the Kei car regulations in Japan, the Sambar quickly became popular for both commercial and personal use due to its efficient use of space and practical design.

Key Milestones:

1. 1961 - Initial Release:

   • The first-generation Subaru Sambar was introduced, featuring a rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout, which was unconventional for Kei trucks at the time. This layout provided better weight distribution and improved handling.

2. 1973 - Second Generation:

   • Subaru launched the second generation, which saw improvements in engine performance and overall design. This model solidified the Sambar's reputation for durability and reliability.

3. 1982 - Third Generation:

   • The third generation brought significant updates, including the introduction of the Supercharger option, making the Sambar one of the most powerful Kei trucks in its class.

4. 1990 - Fourth Generation:

   • The Sambar underwent another redesign, adopting a more modern look and advanced features. This generation introduced the 4WD option, enhancing its capability in various terrains and weather conditions.

5. 1999 - Fifth Generation:

   • Continuing to evolve, the fifth generation focused on safety and comfort, with features such as improved suspension and cabin ergonomics.

6. 2009 - Production Transition:

   • In 2009, Subaru transitioned the production of the Sambar to Daihatsu, a subsidiary of Toyota, but the vehicle continued to be sold under the Subaru brand.

The Subaru Sambar has maintained its popularity over the decades due to its adaptability and continuous improvements. It remains a favorite among small business owners and individuals in need of a reliable, compact utility vehicle. The Sambar's legacy is a testament to Subaru's commitment to innovation and customer satisfaction in the Kei truck market.

Subaru Sambar Specifications

Detailed Breakdown:

• Engine Displacement: The Subaru Sambar features a 658 cc engine, in line with Kei truck regulations in Japan.

• Power and Torque: The power output ranges from 42 to 55 horsepower, and the torque ranges from 54 to 66 Newton-meters, providing sufficient performance for everyday tasks.

• Transmission Options: The Sambar is available with a 4 or 5-speed manual transmission and a 3-speed automatic transmission, offering flexibility based on driver preference.

• Drive Type: The Sambar comes in both rear-wheel drive (RWD) and four-wheel drive (4WD) versions, allowing for versatile driving in different conditions.

• Fuel Type and Efficiency: The Sambar runs on petrol, with an estimated fuel efficiency of 30 to 40 miles per gallon, making it a cost-effective option.

• Dimensions:

  • Length: 3,295 mm
  • Width: 1,395 mm
  • Height: 1,815 mm
  • These dimensions make the Sambar suitable for urban environments with its compact size.

• Wheelbase: The wheelbase of 1,885 mm ensures stability and a comfortable ride.

• Curb Weight: The curb weight ranges from 700 to 850 kg, contributing to its fuel efficiency and ease of handling.

The Subaru Sambar is known for its practicality, reliability, and compact size, making it a popular choice for both personal and commercial use in urban settings.

IN MY OPINION:

ALL OF THESE TRUCKS ARE AMAZING, in 4x4 mode, ALL WILL MEET 95% of ON AND EVEN OFF-ROAD (yard, trails, mud) DRIVING CONDITIONS. (4 spds can be less highway capible) 

Off-road = Suzuki/Mazda/Daihatsu (for extreme off-roading get one with Diff and/or Axle lock). Suzuki/Mazda can generally have a larger tire with a shorter lift, Daihatsu generally needs more lift for the same tire but has a massive and inexpensive assortment of off-road wheels.

For the dump feature = Mitsubishi/Suzuki/Mazda/Daihatsu (PTO takes more skill/involvement but stronger than hydraulic) 

On-road (without a heavy load) = Honda Acty/Subaru Sambar feel the most “balanced” especially in snow/rain.

On-road (and carrying heavy loads) = Daihatsu/Mitsubishi/Suzuki/Mazda. With the engines further forward you can carry a heavier bed weight and stay more balanced.

PSA: No matter what people say, while some tend to have more common qualities it is nearly impossible to make blanket statements that cover every truck based on brand alone. I.e., “Suzuki’s are better for off-road” well, no, depends on the configuration you are using and comparing it to…. same with “Subaru’s have the most interior space” well no… for example compare it to the Daihatsu Jumbo or even certain Suzuki/Mitsubishi interiors that are roomier (all depends if you’re talking about head, leg or foot space).

When it comes to things like top speed, this can be influenced by MANY factors (by the percentage of speed gained per each factor) such as body style, roof racks, lips, and lifts (aerodynamics). Wheel size/width (generally a taller tire means more top speed since you go further per rotation, but this only really applies to a certain extent and mostly on 4spds where the 5spds can run into power vs. drag resistance limitations (meaning a shorter tire may mean faster top speed). Driving conditions (up/downhill, surface type, elevation, and different quality/density air in different parts of the US). Expect a 4 speed lifted truck with roof rack wide tires, less powerful engine configuration, and a load to be considerably slower (especially uphill) than a 5 speed lowered narrow tire truck with good aero and a powerful engine configuration going downhill. ^_^

In any case, part of what makes these vehicles great isn't just their reliability, low cost of ownership, and functionality. It's how much can be done to make it specific to you and unique, just look at a few of these examples of these amazing little trucks in action.